相关软件（R代码）

# 小鼠体重数据
weight <- c(18.5, 22.3, 19.7, 21.0, 20.5, 23.1, 20.0, 19.2, 21.5, 20.8)
# 基本统计量
mean(weight)       # 均值
median(weight)     # 中位数
sd(weight)         # 标准差（注意R默认使用n-1）
var(weight)        # 方差
range(weight)      # 极差
quantile(weight, c(0.25, 0.75))  # 四分位数
IQR(weight)        # 四分位距
# 综合描述性统计
summary(weight)
# 绘制图形
par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
hist(weight, main = "体重分布直方图", xlab = "体重(g)", col = "lightblue")
boxplot(weight, main = "体重箱线图", ylab = "体重(g)", col = "lightgreen")
# 模拟两组数据比较
group1 <- rnorm(30, mean = 20, sd = 2)
group2 <- rnorm(30, mean = 22, sd = 2)
boxplot(list(组1 = group1, 组2 = group2), 
        main = "两组体重比较", ylab = "体重(g)", col = c("pink", "lightblue"))
# 散点图：体重与身高的关系
height <- c(10.2, 11.5, 10.8, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, 10.5, 10.3, 11.8, 11.1)
plot(height, weight, main = "体重 vs 身高", xlab = "身高(cm)", ylab = "体重(g)", 
     pch = 19, col = "blue")
abline(lm(weight ~ height), col = "red", lwd = 2)  # 添加回归线